Concrete floor.



F. W. SKINNER.

CONCRETE FLOOR.

APPLICATION rmzn MAY 25. 1908.

9301, Patented Mar.23, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR T. W. SKINNER.

GONGBBTB FLOOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. 1909.

Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

4 sums-Minna: 2.

n u 5 m 6m. v u W 7 T- I INVENTOR Gym/k W WlTNESSES:

F. W. SKINNER. CONCRETE FLOOR. APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1908.

91 5,801 Patented Mar. 23, 1909 4 SHBETSSHBET 3.

WITNESSES: I INVENTOR 07W 01 1am F.W. SKINNER.

001101121 3 FLOOR, APPLICATION rum) m 25. 1900.

91 5,801, Patented Mar. 23, 1909 4 sums-sum 4.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR FRANK W. SKINNER, OF TOMPKINSVILLE, NEW .YORK.

' CONCRETE FLOOR.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

CPatented March 23, 1909.

Application filed May25, 191 18. 'Seria1'N0.-\484 ,973.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, FRANK WJSKIN'NER, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 50 Sherman avenue, Tompkinsville, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Concrete Floor, of which the following is a specification.

*Heretofore the labor, cost and time of buildingconcrete floors has been excessive on accountof the necessity of providing =temporary-molds for them-and of-also pr'o- =viding ialsework, centering or other temtransportation and liftin falsewor-rporary support tocarry, during construction and for a short time afterward, aplatform designed to eventually have ample strength to support itselfand a superimposed load.

In arched floor slabs, previously constructed with continuous reinforcement it has been diflicult or impossible to 'protect the under surface ofthe reinforcement metal from fire, corrosion, moisture etc-and when a continuous sheet of reinforcement metal is used it-is diflicultto bond. it thoroughly with the concrete.

Concrete'beams, girders, and floor slabs have been cast in molds on the ground and afterhardening have been assenibledin' the structure, but this method is objectionable andexpensive because it subjects them to severe and unnatural strains, involves the of heavy memhers, is likely-t0 injure t em-and'does not provide a-continuous, monolithic structure.

In m invention no temporary forms,

or centering is required, all reinforcement steel is entirely protected, the 'main body of concrete is monolithic, and successive bodies of concrete are perfectly :bonded together, no heavy members have to be transported, and the-floor is self-sus- =taining during construction.

Broadly, my invention consists of the construction of floor units, which may either form'the slabs permanent self -supporting molds them: selves made with-a combination of the rein- 'forcement steel and concrete, arranged to efiiciently resist working stresses in the finished structure, to'become integral elements ()f'lt, and te-be self-supporting during construction, thus utilizing'the tensile strength of the steel durin the construction of. the work instead of a lowing it to lie dormant until after completion.

or the beams or both, with either of these,

In a simple 'form of my invention, the

. signed as a thin, vfull length sheet of rolled steel orsteel fabric, bent or curved 'to a trough shape cross-section'and coveredwith concrete on one surface. When-the concrete has setit is light and strong and-may easily be, .placed in the required position and receive the additional concrete and reinforcement steel, if any, necessary for the finished structure.

*Figure 1 is-a perspective view of 'thesteel reinforcement for an arch floor unit -with thrust ties, and with concrete protection for the concave surface. Figs. 2, 3, 4, and5 are sectional details showing variousmethods of formingthe concrete at the edge ofthe reinforcement plate and of combiningconcrete and plate with'permanent steel bars adapted to'strengthen theunits during-erection and to interlock with concrete afterward placed on the opposite side of 'the'plate. Fig.6 is a transverse sectional elevation at P P, Fig. 7, of a floor made with units like those of Figs. 1 2, 3, 4, and 5 supported at intervals onreinforced concrete girders. Fig. 7 is a sectionalclevatidn at V V, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a concrete unit detachable from the curved steel plate. Fig. 9 is atransverse section of a floor made with-units like the one shown in Fig. -8. Fig. '10 is a cross section of a floor unit intended to be used with the convex side down. Fig. 1 Us a transverse section of afloor made with units similarto that shown in Fig. 10.

ln-all'figures the same or similar parts are designatedby the same reference characters.

'Fig.-1shows a thin sheet of steel-plate,expended metal or other-reinforcingmaterial'55 entto form a curved cross section'and retainedin' that shapeby-wire ties 52, 52,'which iorn'i chords of the are. The wires pass through holes 51, 51 and are conveniently made and adjusted with two pieces With their ends twistedtogether-as shown. 'The concave surface of the plate is covered with a thin layer of concrete or mortar'53, and when the latter has hardened the unit has suflicient itself and the wei ht of wet floor concrete above when it isp aced, concave side down, on supports at the ends. Obviously the edges of the plate may be made as here shown, orboth longedgesmaybe madelike or they may be bent in-any F to them by suspension Wires 61 and forming been removed, leaving the ies 52 and permancnt reinforcement bars '58,

a monolithic continuous mass of concrete 63,

'cluded between two longitudinafvertical units, as shown in-Fig. 6 if necessarv, and

remain until corroded, or may be cut out as convenient way or may have bolted to them detachable pieces to facilitate molding the concrete 53, in any special form. The ties, 52, 52, serve to resist the thrust and make the unit act independently as an arch, and also serve an important function in looking the concrete 53, to the plate 55.

I In Fig. 2, the edge of the plate 55 is hooked at 54 to bond with the concrete to be placed on the convex side of the plate, an additional reinforcement bar 58, is placed in the concrete and a recess 59, is molded in it to receive concrete or 'rout between adjacent units.

Fig. 3, an angle 56, is used for reinforcement to take tensile stresses in the finished floor 'andto bond together the concrete on the concave and convex sides of the curved plate 55'. It also acts as a skewback for the arch plate vjln ig. 4 a channel bar 57, is used instead ofthe angle in Fig. 3, f or ermanent reinforcemen-t, bearing, and bon ing.

Fig/5 shows adjacent units temporarily connected by a horizontal strip 60, attached a support for wet concrete between and above the curved plates 55, 55. The piece is removable by cutting the wires 61, 61.

(Figs 6 and 7 show a complete floor made as {nuts 'of'slightly differing details illustratin the variations already described and suppo ted on girders 62, 62 and covered with joiniiiglthe separate units together and leveling-upthe spaces above: their convex surfaces-to a uniform height. The separate units ma be constructed at the site or at the cont actors yards and independently assembled in position. parallel and adjacent to each other, but not depending in any Way on each other for stability or strength, each being individually complete. 'logeth'er they form a continuous platform on which boards may be laid temporarily for the distribution of wet concrete toform the upper surface of the fioor connecting the units together. In calculating the strength and n oportioning it, the-finished structure may be considered as formed of T-shape beams, each one com prising all that part of the structure inplanes V V, and V V through the centers of ad acent units. Additional reinforcement bars can be efficiently located between the after the concrete 6.2,has set the ties 52,

being no longer necessary may be allowert'to shown at the right of Fig. G.

:"Fig. 8 is across section of a portion of a floor unit from which the curved steel plate or fabric 55, indicated. by dotted lincs,'has

porary ties, 52 are used with the pieces 55 and removed with them. When conditions are such that it is desirable to mnccntraic all the permanent reinforcement in scparaic bars 58, 5S, and omit the continuous reinforcement 55, the concrete 525 may be proportioned to have sufficient strength to act as a beam indepeiulcntly during construction and still be light and rigid enough to bc handled. easily'and safely and support the weight of the concrete 63 on the upper side before it develops strength to be self sustaining.

Fig. 9 is a cross section through a finished floor made with units likc'that shown in Fig. 8. Additional" reinforcement bars 5." 58, may be placed in the upper concrete (53 and the ties 52 52, may be cut out afterthecompletion of the floor,'as shown at the right of the figure, or they may be left in position as shown at the left, thus affording convenient attachment for a suspended ceiling or for other purposes. Steel rods or other bonding pieces of various forms (58 68, may be cast into the concrete 53 to lock it with the concrete 63, or the surface of contact between these different masses of concrete at 67, may receive special treatment, applied to the mass 53 after the removal of 55, Fig. 8,

adapted to promote chemical or mechanical the pressure of the tics bonding between the old and new concrete, as it is well known can be effected by picking, or by the use of a special wash.

Fig. 10 is a transverse section of a floor unit in whichthc stcc'l rcinfm'cemeni sheet 55 is on the concave side of the concrete (hi. lf the unit is constructed with the concave side of the sheet down, as indicated, the concrete 'an be applied with a trowel without the use of any mold other than is formed by 55, and after the concrete has hardened and developed sullicicnt strength, the unit can bc reversed and placed in. the floor, concave adapted for a very heavy floor slab or for a beam or girder ,to support a lighter slab. Bearing plates (35 are provided to distribute 52, on the surface of the concretc. Obviously the sheets 55 may form either permanent or temporary portions of the linishcd floor unit, in the latter case the tics 52 may be cut or slots may be formed in the concrete to facilitate their removal without cutting.

Fig. U is a cross section of a floor composed of units like that shown in Fig. if), placed concave side up and filled level with concrete (S3. 'lhc concrete filling, (33, may be of the same or of a different mixture from that'of U6, and it may terminate at the upper edge of 56, or may be made higher, as shown at the left hand of the figure, and be reinforced with bars' 65), thus bonding the units together. The curvcd shoot 55 may be cxpandod imctal, ire netting, or other fabric.

subsequently fil ment to improve its bond with'the concrete fillim 63.

I rilaim,

1. In a trough shape reinforced concrete floor unit, a long and relatively narrow sheet of metal curved in transverse section and on the concave face.

3. In atrough'shape floor unit, the combination of a long and relatively narrow sheet of metal, curved in transverse section, transverse tie rods, and a layer of plastic material on one face of the curved sheet.

4. In a trough-shape floor unit the combination of a long and relatively narrow sheet of metal, curved in transverse section, a

layer of plastic material onone of its'faces,

transverse tension members connecting the longitudinal edges of the trough, and longitudinal metal bars in the longitudinal edges of the trough; 7 I 4 5. A trough-shape concrete floor unit, cast before erection, reinforcement bars in the longitudinal edges with two flanges, one of which is embedded in the unit, and the other of which projects beyond the surface of the unit and is ada ted to engage the concrete fed in between the units and bond it to the unit.

t 6. In a trough-shape floor unit the combination of a long and relatively narrow sheet lof metal, curved in transverse section, a layer of plastic material on one face of the bar in the edge of the unit engaging between its flanges the longitudinal edge of the curved sheet.

7. A trough-shape concrete floor unit, cast reinforcement bars in the longitudinal edges of the unit, and straight transverse tension rods connecting the longitudinal bars and forming chords of the are of the transverse section of the unit. I

8. In a concrete floor, the combination of erection, with a concrete filling over and between the units, and longitudinal metal reinforcement bars with one flange embedded in the edge of the unit and the other flange embedded in the filling.

9. In a trough shape reinforced concrete floor unit, a long and relatively narrow sheet of metal fabric curved in transverse section, and covered, before erection, on one face with plastic material. I 10. In a trough shape reinforced concrete floor unit, along and relatively narrow sheet of expanded metal 'curved in transverse section and covered, before erection, on one face with plastic material. i

11; In a trough shape reinforced concrete floor unit, the combination of a long and relatively narrow sheet of metal curved in transverse section, a layer of plastic material on one face of the curved sheet, and out wardly projecting flanges on the longitudinal edges of the unit.

May 9, 1908.

FRANK W. SKINNER.

Witnesses:

CHAS. W.BUOKNALL, I'IENRY I. COHEN.

sheet and a longitudinal reinforcement angle.

before erection, provided with longitudinal concrete trough -shaped units cast before 

